Steps in Lesson Plan

Teachers should follow certain specific steps in writing lesson plans.

J.F. Herbart suggested different steps in lesson plan, and it is known as Herbatian steps. They are

1. Preparation (or) introduction

2. Presentation

3. Comparison (or) Association

4. Generalization

5. Application

6. Recapitulation

1. Preparation (or) introduction:

            According to J.F. Herbart the mind of the student must be prepared to receive new knowledge. Here the teachers establish a link between previous knowledge and new knowledge.

It can be done by

• Testing the previous knowledge of the students.
• Use of charts, pictures and models.
• By demonstrating experiments.
• By telling stories
• Skillful discussion etc.

2. Presentation:

            In the second step the actual lesson begins. Students get new idea and knowledge. The teacher presents the subject matter to the students. The teacher may demonstrate any experiment, using any aid or do any activities.

3. Comparison (or) Association:

            The new ideas or knowledge learnt should be compared and associated with already known ideas and facts.

4. Generalization:

            In generalization stage pupil draw a conclusion. Here teacher makes the students to teach systematically and draw a conclusion.

5. Application:

            A lesson of science will be incomplete if the rules or formulas are not applied to new life situations. Knowledge becomes clear and meaningful in this stage.

 6. Recapitulation:

In Recapitulation stage the teacher assess whether the students understood and grasped the subject matter or not. It can be done by

a)      Asking suitable questions on the topic taught.

b)      Appling a short objective type test.

c)      Asking the students to label the unlabelled sketch.

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   Learning experience                           Evaluation

            For a good lesson plan these three aspects are interdependent one another.

Advantages of lesson plan [importance]

1. It makes the work regular and systematic.
2. It develops self confidence of the teacher.
3. It helps to save time.
4. It helps to avoid repetitation.
5. It helps to maintain discipline in the classroom.
6. It helps to provide individual attention.
7. It facilitate appropriate use of aids at appropriate time
8. It helps to provide assignments according to the mental level of students.
9. Lesson plans establish proper connections between different lessons of study. Therefore, they provide continuity in the teaching process.